MGA SINAUNANG KABIHASNAN
~Kabihasnan sa Egypt~
Noong unang panahon may na diskubre ang mga naniniran sa Egypt na ang mga bituin ng sirius ay ang ginagamit nila bilang kanilang kalendaryo.
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)
~Ang mga Kabihasnan sa America~
Bituin ng Sirius
May mga iba't ibang mga pinuno na pinagdaanan ang mga tao sa egypt at ang tawag sa oinuno ng kanilang kaharian ay ang Paraon sila din ang tinutukoy nilang diyos.
Menes
- namuno noong 1300 BC
- itinaguyod ang unang Dinastiya sa Egypt
- itinatag ang Kabisera ng Memphis
- sa kanyang kapanahonan ay nagkaroon ng 31 na dinastiya at ito ay hinati sa Lumang Kaharian, Gitnang kaharian at Bagong Kaharian.
Ang Piramide o pyramid ay ang libangan ng mga paraon. Ang unang piramide ay ang Piramide ni Djoser.
- Pyramide ni Djoser
- matatagpuan sa Saggara
~GITNANG KAHARIAN~
MENTUHOTEP
- pinalakas ang sentrilisadong kalakalan at pamahalaan
- tinatawag din na "Panahon ng Mabarlika"
BAGONG KAHARIAN
Ahmose I
- nagpatalsik sa mga hykos
-sinakop niya ang Nubia at Canaan
-ang kapanahonan din niya ay tinatawag na "Panahon ng Imperyo"
![](https://c1.staticflickr.com/9/8148/7230272436_a017ae6352_z.jpg)
Reyna Hatsepshut
-unang babaeng paraon
-nagdala ng katahimikan at kaunlaran sa egypt
-namuno sa loob ng 19 na taon
THUTMOSE III
- siya ang humalili kay Reyna Hatsepshut
- sinakop ang Ehipsiyo hanggang Ilog Euphrates sa silangan at hanggang timog ng Nubia
TUTANKHAMUN
-ang pinakabatang paraon
- ang kanyang pagkamatay ay isang mysteryo
- may limang bahagi ang lalagyan ng kanyang kabaong
- ang hawak niya sa kaliwa ay tinatawag na "crook" sa kanan naman ay "flail"
~RELIHIYON~
Dioses Egipcios 2
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyVPbHqp_FLIy0FERl-vupXcCKnG7O2cGLjZNAPRhTbKJ5iDNpVKGdZrUH1__geiSiyhWMyXcRnouNQvEseHZWHa9-_fxPswgQS6_yrG4Qv1HdsrGKEQnwtHQ5rSCWG0LEIZn4nd0V_Uw/s640/DIOSES+EGIPCIOS+2.jpg)
- mahigit 2000 ang mga diyos ng Ehipsiyo
Ra- Diyos ng Araw Horus- Diyos ng Liwanag Isis- Diyos ng mga Ina at Asawa
Naniniwala sila na kapag sila na matapos ang kamatayan ay hinuhusga kung saan sila mapupunta. Ang Mangangain ng Kaluluwa at ang Paraiso.
HIEROGLYPHICS
-sistema ng kanilang pag-sulat
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMtlFtVkIHzMpqRz-unONh8uieZ6XSe5ACsTkHfixdenvFwg5miaJbwJQI9sSCevVBc-mYZSI6b6UqHmsD-hEafdx5j398pG0wBXlScr4qVLdtlFJb_PGk2YfSrLGLeRThC1cgMFc/s320/sspl1.jpg)
-Ginagamit nilang papel
PAPYRUS REEDS
-ginagamit bilang papel noong unang panahaon
AGHAM AT TEKNOLOHIYA
Heometriya
![](https://explorable.com/images/cuneiform-tablet.png)
- lumikha sila ng sistema ng nakasulat na numero para sa pagbibilang ng buwis, produkto, at iba pa.
- gumamit din ng mga makalumang paraan ng heometruya sa pagsukat ng kanilang lupain
-mahusay sila sa matematika.
~KABIHASNAN NG MESOPOTAMIA~
-sibilisasyon
-mamatagpuan timog-kanluran
-maghina ang pag unlad
Ang mesopotamia ay pinapalibutan ng dalawang ilog ang ilog Tigris at Euphrates.
ILOG TIGRIS ILOG EUPHRATES
Ang mga Unang Imperyo
Akkadian
SARGON THE GREAT
-humina ang kakayahan nilang pangalagaan ang kani-kanilang teritoryo
-pinamumunuan ni Sargon the Great
-nag tagal ang imperyo mahigit na 200 taon
BABYLONIAN
-2000 BCE
- 1792-1750 BCE
- Amorites ang nagtatag ng kabisera sa babylon
-nakamit nila ang rurok ng kapangyarihan sa ilalim ng pamumuno ni Hammurabi
ASSYRIAN
- sinakop ang mesopotamia, Egypt at Anatolia sa loob ng 850-650 BCE
-isinasaayos nila ang kanilang nasasakupan sa isang imperyo
-ang lupain ng malapit sa assyria ay ginagawang lalawigan at mga kaharian na kaalyado ng imperyo
-pinapangalagaan ng hukbong Assyrian laban sa mga kaaway
CHALDEAN
-itinatag nila ang kanilang kabisera pagkatapos matalo ang Assyrian
-naging tanyag na hari ng mga Chaldean na si Nebuchadnezzar
-may pinagawa siya na tinatawag na Hanging Gardens. Ito ay isang hardin na alay para sa kaniyang asawa na si Reyna Amyitis
~KABIHASNAN SA INDIA~
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilRgWXN-Y3ms3MbXkoPZbRHOJa33-F9HWM2Fa0_yp_AqbXA0lvt433sMmV44WzlbLHUMjE-m14qCPtPQHYSLHDW-ulfnZHzif05xpwV96Ie6tg-i_GMarDlFkPEYkMnLZV8RuRFmkJzA/s400/mohenjo-daro-5.jpg)
Heograpiya
Sa hilagang bahagi ng sub-kontinenteng India sumibol ang isang kabihasnan na matatagpuan sa lambak ilod ng Indus. Sa hilaga ay nakapaligid ang kabundukan ng Hindu Kush Karakoram at Himalaya. Noong 2500 BCE ay naglatag ang mga taga Indus ng mga lungsod na gawa sa laryo. Umabot sa 100 na lungsod ang matatagouan sa pampang ng ilog. Ang pangunahin nilang produkto ay trigo, barley, palay at bulak. Ang katangi-tangi sa kabihasnan sa kabihasnan ng mga taga Indus ay ang pagsasaayos ng kanilang lungsod. Grid System ang tawag sa planong nakalatag sa kaning gusali kung saan mahahati ang mga kalsada.
Pananampalataya ng mga Aryano
Pinaunlad ng mga Aryano ang pananampalatayang Hinduismo. Magkaiba ang painaniniwalaang diyos ng mga Aryano at ng kanilang mga nasasakupang Drabidyano. Ang relihiyon ang tanging paraan upang lumaya ang kaluluwa ng tao sa mga kabiguan, pagkakamali, at kalungkutan sa buhay. Upanishads ang tawag sa kanilang nabuo na aklat. Upanishads ay kalipunanng diyalogo ng isang guro at mag-aaral. Patungkol ang mga diyalogong ito sa mga paraan kung paano makamit ng tao sa mga paraan kung paano makamit ng tao ang paglaya niya mula sa pagdurusa.
Ang Buddhismo
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Si Siddharta Gautama ang nagturo ng Buddhismo sa India siya din ay kabilang sa pamilya na naghari sa Kapilavastu na matatagpuan sa kasalukuyang matatagpuan sa Nepal.
IMPERYONG MAURYA
Noong 321 BCE, kinilala bilang hari ng magadha si Chandragupta Maurya. Siya ay isang pinunong militar na nagpatalsik sa pamilyang Nanda na naghahari noon sa Magadha. Pinalaki niya nag sakop na kaharian at itinatag ang imperyong Maurya. Nasakop na ng mga imperyo ang buong hilagang india. Bumuo si Chandragupta ng isang sentrilisadong kawanihan na magpapatakbo sa pamahalaan. Ang imperyo ay hinati sa apat na lalawigan na pinamunuan ng isang prinsipe. At ang bawat lalawigan ay hinati sa iba't ibang distrito na pinamumunuan ng mga opisyales na ang tungkulin ay maningil ng buwis.
IMPERYONG GUPTA
Sa panahon ng imperyong Gupta, nakaranas ang India ng isang ginintuang panahon sa matematika, agham at panitikan. Sa matematika, ipinakikilala ng mga pahan ang konsepto ng pagbibilang mula una hanggang ikasiyam na bilang. Ang kaalaman sa pagbibilang ay hiniram ng mga Arabe sa taga Europe kung saan ito ay nakilala na Hindu-Arabic numerals.
~KABIHASNAN SA CHINA~
Heograpiya
Ang pamayanan sa China ay mamakita sa lambak pagitan ng mga ilog na Huang Ho at Yangtze. Ang hangganan ng lambak sa hilaga ay ang Disyerto ng Gobi at sa silangan naman ay ang Karagatang Pasipiko.
Mga Unang Dinastiya
Dinastiyang Hsia
Pinag-isa ng dinastiyang Hsia ang mga pamayanan sa paligid ng Huang Ho. Ang unang hari nito ay si Yu isang inhinyero at matematiko. Sa kanyang pamumuno, nagsagawa ang mga Tsino ng mga proyektong pang-orogasyon na hahadlang sa mapaminsalang pagbaha ng ilog.
Yu
Dinastiyang Shang
Ang dinastiyang Shang ang pumalit sa dinastiyang Shia noong 1500 BCE. May tatlong pangunahing katangian ang paghahari ni Shang una ay ang pag-uumpisa ng pagsulat, kaalaman sa paggamit ng bronse at ang pag-aantas sa lipunan.
Shang
Dinastiyang Zhou
Napatalsik ni Zhou ang dinastiyang Shang. Ginamit nila ang konsepto ng "Tian Ming" o ang mandato ng langit upang mapatibay ang kanilang pamamahala at ang kinikilalang kinatawan ng langit sa mundo. Ang siklo ng pagtatag, pagbagsak at pagpapalit ng dinastiya ayon sa mandato ay tinaguriang siklong dinastiko (dynastic cycle). Nagsimula ang siklong dinastiko sa kaguluhan tulad ng kalamidad, rebelyon, o pagsalakay sa ilalim ng pamumuno ng matandang dinastiya.
Zhou
Dinastiyang Qin
Ang dinastiyang Qin ang pumalit sa dinastiyang Zhou. Ang pinuno nila ay si Qin sa sarili na Shi Huangdi na ang ibig sabihin ay unang emperador. Layunin nila na maging matapang ang bagong dinastiya kaya inutos ni Shi Huangdi na ang lahat na maharlikang pamilya sa bawat estado sa buong China na manirahan sa kabisera ng imperyong Xianyang. At ang estado ay hinati sa 36 na distrito.
Qin
~Iba Pang Kabihasnan sa Asya~
Ang kabihasnan sa Asya ay umabot hanggang Kanlurang Asya. Umabot din ito sa mga rurok ng kapangyarihan bilang mga sentro ng pamamahala at kalakalan ang mga kabihasnan ng mga Hitito, Phoeneciano, at Persyano.
Ang mga Hitito
Nabuo ang imperyong Hitito at itinatag nila bilang kabisera ang lungsod ng Hattusass. Sa loob ng 450 na taon, naging makapangyarihan ang mga Hititp sa Kanlurang Asya. May dalawang susi sa tagumpay sa digmaan ang mga Hitito. Ang una ay ang paggamit nila ng mabibilis na chariot at ang ikalawa ay ang kaalaman sa pagpapanday ng bakal para gawing pana, palaso,palakol at espada.
Ito ay isang halimbawa ng Chariot
Ang mga Phoeniciano
Kabilang sa mga Semitiko ang Phoeniciano. Sila ay naninirahan sa maunlad na lungsod-estado na may baybayin ng Dagat Meditetaneo. Ang mga Phoeniciano ay mahuhusay gumawa ng mga barko at sila din isang manlalayag at mangangalak na nagtatag ng mga estatrehiyong lungsod na may daungan.
ito ay isang halimbawa ng barko na ginawa ng mga Phoeniciano
Ang mga Persyano
Sa malawak na talampas sa Iran, nagmula ang makapangyarihang imperyo ng Persia. Kabilang ang mga Persyano sa lahing Indo- Aryano. Ang salitang persyano ang galing sa salitang Persis, bansag na mga Griyego sa lugar na iyon. Sumailalim sa makapangyarihang imperyo ang Assyria ng Persia hanggang sa taong 621 BCE. Sa ilalim ni Cyrus the Great, lumawakang imperyo ng Persia.
Persyano
Cyrus the Great
~Ang mga Kabihasnan sa America~
Ang kontinente ng North America at South Africa ay makikita sa pagitan ng dalawang malawak na karagatan, ang Karagatang Pasipiko at ang Karagatang Atlantiko. Naging hadlang ang mga karagatang ito upang makikipag-ugnayan ang mga kabihasnan ng America sa ibang Kabihasnan. Kabilang na dito ang Asya, Africa, at Europe.
Ang mga Olmec
Olmec ang tawag sa mga taong goma sa mga pamayanan na naninirahan sa baybayin ng Golpo ng Mexico. Ang kabihasnan ng Olmec ay ang base culture ng America dahil ang mga Olmec ay nakaimbento at nakalikha ng mga kasangkapan at kaalaman na kagamitan para sa sunod na kabihasnan. Nakasentro sa relihiyon ang buhay ng mga Olmec. Nagpatayo ang kanilang mga pinuno ng mga templo na hugis piramide at sa tuktok ng templo ay nagaganap ang mga sermonyang panrelihiyon. Isa pang paraan ng mga Olmec sa pagsamba ng kanilang mga diyos ay ang paglalaro ng bola na goma. Isa itong seremonya na maglalaban ang dalawang pangkat ng manlalaro sa isang ballcourt. Braso lang ang dapat nilang gamitin para mapasok ang gomang bola sa stone ring. Kapag natalo ay isasakripisyo sa kanilang mga diyos. Hanggang sa kasalukuyan ay hindi parin natutuklasan ang paraan ng pagbasa ng sistema ng pagsulat ng mga Olmec.
OLMEC
Ang mga Teotihuacano
Ang Teotihuacano ay matatagpuan sa lambak ng Mexico at tinaguriang "Lupain ng mga Diyos". Kilala bilang unang lungsod ng America ang Teotihuacano. Naging sentro din ito ng mga magsasaka, artisano, arkitekto, at musikero. Payapa ang pamumuhay ng mga Teotihuacano na nakasentro sa relihiyon, pagsasaka, at kalakalan. Pinapalamutian ng mga guhit ng ibon, jaguar at nagsasayawang mga diyos ang kanilang mga tahanan. Sinasamba ng mga Teotihuacano ang diyos na si Quetzalcoatl o ang tinaguriang Feathered Serpent. Si Quetzalcoatl ang nagbigay sa tao ng kaalaman sa pagsasaka, pagsusulat, paglikha ng kalendaryo at iba pa. Ang pangunahin sa kanyang kautusan ay ang patungkol sa kapayapaan, kababaang loob at pagmamalasakit sa kapwa.
Teotihuacano
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Quetzalcoatl
Mayan
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)
Halach Uinic
Quetzalcoatl
Ang mga Mayan
Sumibol ang kabihasnan ng mga Mayan sa pamayanang nagsasaka na nagtayo ng mga sentrong panrelihiyon para sa kanilang diyos. Mula rito lumaki na ang pamayanan at naging lungsod na kinabibilangan ng Tikal,Copan, Uxmal, at Chichen Itza na matatagpuan sa Mexico at Gitnang America. Ang Mayan ay nahahati sa apat na antas ng lipunan. Ang pinakataas ay ang mga maharlika na namamahala sa mga mamamayan ng lungsod. Halach Uinic ang pinuno ng lungsod na siya ring pinuno ng hukbo. Kaagapay Halach Uinic ang ilang mga maharlika sa paglikom ng buwis at pagsasaayos ng pambublikong gusali at kalsada.
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFo2f3v_T2IPfRtLuTaQbdZhmO-Kn1U0j6FwpdZ3NjpIXxSnai-kV3Q7e8B7n6rFt1-fcmRplM8gJ3ftYvQeTKIy6alTVfn2vOxLX17oQjTdg-AE0tRk3UBm837YcgVRbAy057fV19qe6B/s400/mayan1.jpg)
Halach Uinic
Ang mga Aztec
Sa hilagang Mexico ng mula ang mga nomadikong Aztec na kilala rin sa tawag na Mexica. Nagsilbi din silang sundalo sa maliliit na lungsod-estado sa lambak ng Mexico. Nang matatag ang Aztec sa kabisera sa Tenichtitlan, unti-unting nasakop ang mga kalapit na kaharian. Itinuturing extractive empire ang pamamahala ng mga Aztec . Dahil kapag nasakop nila ang isang lungsod, hindi nila pinapalitan ang mga pinuno.
Aztec
Ang mga Inca
Sa south america sumibol ang isang kabihasnan at imperyo na sumakop sa malaking bahagi ng Kabundukang Andes. Ang Imperyong ito ay ang Inca. Sa maliit na pamayanan sa lambak ng Cuzco nagsimula ang mga Inca. Sa pamumuno ni Pachacuti Inca, limawak ang nasasakupan ng mga Inca at nakabuo ng isang imperyo. Naging matagumpay ang inca sa pagpapalawak ng kanilang teritoryo dahil sa natatangi nilang paraan at pakikidigma.
Inca
~KABIHASNAN SA AFRICA~
Sumibol ang kultura at kabihasnan sa Africa. Ang mga taong Nok ang isa sa mga sinaunang kultura na naninirahan sa Nigeria. Ang Nok ay mga magsasaka na unang nakaalam ng paraan ng pagpapanday ng bakal sa baging iyon ng Africa. Lumikha din sila ng mga kasangkapan gamit ang luad, kahot at mga bato. Sa Kanlurang Africa naman, nagmula ang mga Buntu. Sila ay magsasaka at tagapastol ng baka. At sa paglipas ng panahon, unti-unting kumalat ang mga Bantu patungong Katimogang Africa.
Ang mga Kushite
Ang relihiyon ng Nubia ay napasailalim sa mga kapangyarihan ng mga Ehipsiyo na matatagpuan sa katimugan ng Ilog Nile. Sa katimugan ng Nubia matatagpuan ang imperyo ng Kush. Unti-unting nakamitng mga Kushite ang kanilang hukbo noong 751 BCE, nasakop nila ang Egypt.
Kushite
Ang mga Aksumite
Ang pagkakatatag ng kaharian ng Aksum ay pinasimulan ng anak ng Reyna ng Sheba at ni Haring Solom ng Israel. Matatagpuan ang kaharian ng Aksumite sa hilagang-silangan bahagi ng Africa. Sa pamamagitan ng pakikipagkalakalan napanatili nika ang kapangyarihan. Ang baybayan ng Aksum ay nagsilbing daungan ng mga barko ng mga mangangalakal. Ipinag-utos ni Haring Ezana na sakupin ang lupain ng Yemen upang sa paghahangad na mapalawak ang kaharian ng Aksum. Sunod, ay sinakop nila ang Kush at makalipas ng 20 taon ay sinunog nila ang lungsod ng Meroe.
Aksumite
Ang mga Imperyong Pangkalakalan
-Ang Ghana
Soninke ang tawag sa mga mamamayan ng Ghana. Pagsasaka at pagpapanday ang pangunahing ikinabubuhay nila. Ang teritoryo ng Ghana ang tanging rutang dinaraanan ng mga caravan ng ginto mula sa Wangara sa Mali at asin na mula naman sa hilagang disyerto.
Ghana
Ang Mali
Lumitaw ang Mali mula sa anino ng Ghana. Ang unang mansa o emperador ng Mali ay si Sundiata. Nasakop niya ang kaharian ng Ghana at ang mga lungsod ng kumbi at walat sa pamamagitan ng digmaan. Isa pa sa mga kinikilalang pinakadakilang pinuno ng Mali ay si Mansa Musa. Katulad ni Sundiata, naging mahisay siya sa pamamahala at pananakop.
Ang Songhal
Bumuo ng isang hukbo ang mga Songhai, na nagpalawak ng teritoryo at mula kabisera ng Gao ay pinamahalaan ang mga rutang pangkalakalan. Ang natatanging pinuno ng Songhai ay si Sunni Ali. Bumuo si Sunni Ali ng isang hukbo na may mga barkong padigma at mga sundalong kabayuhan dahil taglay nya ang kaalamang militar at agresibong pamumuno. Sinakop niya ang Timbuktu, Gao at Djene na sentro ng kalakalan sa Africa. Ang kanyang paghahari ay tumagal hanggang 30 taon at pinaunlad niya ang Timbuktu bilang sentro ng kaalaman at kulturang Muslim sa Africa.
Sunni Ali
~KABIHASNAN SA PASIPIKO~
Polynesia
Binubuo ng mahigit sanlibong pulo mula sa Gitnang Pasipiko hanggang sa New Zealand ang Polynesia. Polynesia galing sa katagang Griyego na polus na nangangahulugang "marami" at nesos na ngangahulugang "pulo". Sakot nito ang teritoryo sa Hawaii sa hilagang-silangan.
Polynesia
Micronesia
Bahagi pa rin ng Pasipiko ang Micronesia ito ang pinakamalapit sa Pilipinas. Galing ito sa salitang griyego na mikros na nangangahulugang "maliit" at nesos na nangangahulugang "mga pulo". Matatagpuan ang Micronesia sa silangan.
Micronesia
Melanesia
Matatagpuan ang Melanesia sa Kanlurang Pasipiko. Galing din sa salitang Griyego na melas na ang ibig sabihin ay "maitim" at nesos na nangangahulugang "mga pulo". Tinitirahan ng mga taong maitim ang balat.
Melanesia
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